■ Background and Necessity

● Disasters and disasters have been continuously occurring throughout human history, and the possibility of disasters and disasters becoming more severe due to rapid climate change such as global warming has recently been raised.

- In 2019, 98 million people were affected by 308 natural disasters around the world, and about 24,000 people died.

● As one of the efforts to overcome disasters, research on disasters based on satellite information is being actively conducted, but the level of research in Korea is relatively insufficient.

● Accordingly, with satellite information-based research trends by type of disaster, and international comparison of the number of papers as a result, the research status and level of Korea are identified and implications are sought.

■ Satellite information-based disaster research trends by type (2016-2022.5)

● Flood research (2,088 pieces, Korea ranked 23rd with 30 pieces)

- It is proposed that artificial intelligence (AI) and geographic information system (GIS) can be used as important tools to indicate flood risk and flood-vulnerable spaces.

- AI algorithms such as ANN (artificial neural network), CNN (convolutional neural network), SVM (support vector machine), and GAN (generative adversarial network) are being used for flood disaster analysis.

● Drought research (1,711 articles, Korea ranked 15th with 36 articles)

- In order to minimize damage caused by drought, monitoring based on characteristics such as time of occurrence, duration, intensity, and spatial extent is being emphasized.

- More than 100 different drought indices and calculation methods are being developed, including Anomaly Vegetation Index (AVI), Normalize Difference Drought Index (NDDI), and Weighted Difference Vegetation Index (WDVI).

● Landslide research (935 pieces, Korea ranked 14th with 21 pieces)

- A landslide early warning system integration methodology is being proposed for real-time monitoring of surface displacement and speed.

- Establishment of a landslide monitoring center network using RS satellite information is being proposed.

● Earthquake research (815 pieces, Korea ranked 15th with 17 pieces)

- Current contributions and future potential are being investigated so that Earth observation data can be reflected in terms of the seismic disaster management cycle.

- The impact of earth observation data on earthquake risk assessment and the degree to which they contribute to reducing earthquake disaster risk are being studied.

● Typhoon research (710 films, Korea ranks 10th with 20 films)

- High-resolution satellite-based quantitative precipitation estimation in temporal and spatial dimensions that can be implemented on a large scale, a machine learning (ML) method for establishing the relationship between precipitation and satellite passive spectroscopic observations, and the relationship between spectral observations and numerical weather prediction results. A random forest (RF) algorithm is being used to set

● Forest fire research (528, Korea ranked 18th with 12)

- Analysis of forest-damaged areas using KOMPSAT-3's near-infrared band image or Sentinel-2 infrared range (near-infrared, short-wave infrared) band image is being performed.

- A forest fire monitoring system using DMSP-OLS (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System) satellites is being proposed.

● Research on volcanic eruptions (429 pieces, Korea ranked 18th with 9 pieces)

- Research on volcanic eruptions is being conducted with the 3rd generation GEO with increased observation frequency and number of bands

- The movement of volcanic clouds and smoke is captured by the Korea Meteorological Administration’s Chollian satellite (GK-2A), and the diffusion of sulfur dioxide generated during volcanic eruptions through the atmosphere is monitored by the U.S. earth observation satellite Suomi-NPP.

■ Implications (Satellite information-based disaster response plan)

● (Policy) Improving pricing policy, allowing redistribution, and promoting sharing are necessary in order to improve Korea's low research activities, which are ranked below 10th in terms of the number of papers, and to strengthen disaster response capabilities.

● (Legislative and institutional) In addition, it is necessary to revise related satellite information utilization laws and security regulations.

● (Technical) It is necessary to secure real-time video analysis technology, platform technology, security processing automation technology, etc.

● (Economical) It is necessary to expand the satellite information-based crisis response platform and to secure related overseas images if necessary.